Effects of blending 2,5-dimethylfuran and dimethyl ether to toluene primary reference fuels: A chemical kinetic study

In the present work, renewable oxygenates 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) and dimethyl ether (DME) are considered as alternatives to fossil fuels for gasoline engines. The effects of blending DMF DME on combustion surrogate numerically studied. is toluene primary reference fuel (TPRF) mixtures containing iso-octane, n-heptane, toluene. Two skeletal mechanisms proposed analysis: mechanism A with 504 species 4212 reactions B 153 740 reactions. These validated against a wide range experimental data ignition delay times 1-D flames. main findings work are: 1) inhibiting effect dominates over promoting at 750 K 25 bar when total mole fraction less than 20 %. On contrary, augments greater strength inhibition 825 bar. observations made equimolar mixture blended TPRF in varying proportions. 2) laminar burning velocity change stays within 10% TPRF-air values 50% TPRF/25%DMF/25%DME-air 0.6 ≤ φ 1. 6. 3) mitigates additional soot emission caused by TPRF. 4) For first time literature, it shown that maximum slope OḢ stoichiometric flames vary linearly research octane number (RON) mixtures.